1 - Most nouns add -s in the plural.
| Singular | Plural |
| book | books |
| flower | flowers |
|
son |
sons |
2 - If the noun ends in -s, -ss, -sh, -x or -ch, add -es.
| Singular | Plural |
| bus | buses |
| box | boxes |
| speech | speeches |
| class | classes |
|
wish |
wishes |
3 - If the noun ends in a consonant + -y, the -y changes to -ies.
| Singular | Plural |
| city | cities |
|
vocabulary |
vocabularies |
4 - If the noun ends in a vowel + -y, the -y doesn't change.
| Singular | Plural |
| day | days |
| key | keys |
5 - Some nouns are irregular. Dictionary show this.
| Singular | Plural |
| child | children |
| woman | women |
| person | people |